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Sirolimus, also known by its brand name Rapamune, is a medication primarily used to prevent organ rejection in individuals who have received kidney transplants. It belongs to a class of drugs called immunosuppressants, which work by suppressing the body’s immune response to foreign tissues, thereby preventing rejection of the transplanted organ. Sirolimus specifically inhibits the activity of a protein called mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), which plays a crucial role in the proliferation of certain immune cells involved in the rejection process.

In addition to its immunosuppressive properties, sirolimus has been found to exhibit anti-cancer effects and is sometimes used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, including kidney cancer and certain types of advanced breast cancer. It works by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, as well as interfering with the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. This dual action makes sirolimus a valuable option for both transplant recipients and cancer patients, offering the potential for improved outcomes and extended survival.