Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily in rural and agricultural areas of Asia. While most individuals infected with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) may experience mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic, severe cases can result in inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), leading to neurological complications such as paralysis, seizures, and cognitive impairment. Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing Japanese encephalitis, particularly for individuals residing in or traveling to endemic regions. The JE vaccine is typically administered in a series of doses to provide long-term protection against the virus.

In addition to vaccination, other preventive measures such as vector control (e.g., mosquito control programs) and personal protective measures (e.g., wearing long-sleeved clothing, using insect repellent) are important for reducing the risk of Japanese encephalitis transmission. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of suspected cases are crucial for managing the disease and preventing complications. While there is no specific antiviral treatment for Japanese encephalitis, supportive care such as rest, hydration, and management of symptoms can help improve outcomes for affected individuals. Public health education and awareness campaigns also play a vital role in raising awareness about the risk factors and preventive measures associated with Japanese encephalitis.